2025
Management tactics and tools for insect pests in the North Central region
Category:
Sustainable Production
Keywords:
(none assigned)
Parent Project:
This is the first year of this project.
Lead Principal Investigator:
Justin McMechan, University of Nebraska
Co-Principal Investigators:
Erin Hodgson, Iowa State University
Brian McCornack, Kansas State University
Janet Knodel, North Dakota State University
Deirdre Prischmann-Voldseth, North Dakota State University
Adam Varenhorst, South Dakota State University
Andy Michel, The Ohio State University
Kelley Tilmon, The Ohio State University
Doris Lagos-Kutz, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Nick Seiter, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Raul Villanueva, University of Kentucky
Robert Koch, University of Minnesota
Ivair Valmorbida, University of Missouri
George Graef, University of Nebraska
Ian Keesey, University of Nebraska-Lincoln
Louis Helser, USDA-ARS - National Center Agricultural Utilization Research
+14 More
Project Code:
53380
Contributing Organization (Checkoff):
Institution Funded:
Brief Project Summary:
This project focuses on emerging soybean insect pests in the North Central Region, offering targeted research and management strategies. Key pests include soybean gall midge, tentiform leafminer, soybean aphid, and Dectes stem borer, with research addressing distribution, control methods, and economic impact. Additionally, the suction trap network monitors pests and disease vectors, while an extension program ensures knowledge dissemination. A final initiative evaluates past research to guide future projects. These programs aim to improve pest management, optimize yields, and support grower decision-making.
Unique Keywords:
#aphid, #integrated pest management, #leafminer, #midge, #stem borer, #thrips, #virus
Information And Results
Project Summary

These programs related to soybean insect pests that are of emerging importance in the North Central Region. Unlike the previous submissions, we provided the funding amount for each project, allowing NCSRP board members to choose the projects they want to fund. Each of the proposed programs aims to tackle a specific insect pest in soybean to provide growers with an assessment of a management tactic, the risk of the pest in the region, an evaluation of past funding for future directions, and the delivery of research-based information through extension programming. Soybean gall midge (Program I) emerged as a significant pest in the Midwest in 2019 and is currently found in 176 counties across 7 states (NE, IA, SD, MN, ND, MO, and KS). Growers under significant pest pressure have reported 18-31% yield losses based on average yield loss in the field. The proposed work would provide them with critical resources to time management application, as well as enhance the alert network and detection of SGM in existing and new areas through the identification of a pheromone, identifying sources of host plant resistance, and evaluating insecticide application methods based on grower reports. Soybean tentiform leafminer (Program II) emerged as a pest of soybean in Minnesota in 2021 and has been found in North Dakota and South Dakota. Several research projects are underway to evaluate management tactics, but there is a growing need for a regional effort to determine its distribution and severity in the region. The results from the survey would provide critical information on the presence and the potential risk that this leafminer poses to soybean across the region. The soybean aphid (Program III) remains an important pest in the Midwest, with insecticides being the primary method of control even as resistance continues to spread. Corteva is close to releasing soybean varieties with Rag genes, and it is critical to determine if these varieties would benefit from a fungicide-insecticide tank mix at R3. In addition, three different blends of Rag and susceptible soybean would be compared for differences in aphid infestation and impact on yield. The goal would be to provide growers with recommendations for incorporating Rag soybean into the north-central region. Dectes stem borer (Program IV) has increased its presence and distribution in soybean in the Midwest over the past decade. Dry weather in the fall over the past couple of years has likely resulted in the early girdling of soybean plants, increasing the potential for lodging. There is a general lack of consensus amongst soybean farmers, crop consultants, industry, and academia on the economic losses of soybean plants that are infested but remain standing at harvest. The proposed research aims to determine what losses occur if plants are still standing at harvest and the efficacy of foliar insecticides. In addition, the use of fipronil, although it can’t be commercially applied, would provide an important benchmark for determining the efficacy of foliar applications for farmers trying to manage Dectes stem borer. The suction trap network (Program V) has been a valuable piece of pest-monitoring infrastructure in the Midwest. Of the monitored pests, soybean thrips have become increasingly important as a vector of Soybean vein necrosis virus (SVNV), which can reduce seed protein and oil. SVNV can be monitored through the suction trap network using RNA sequencing of soybean thrips. This project would develop a tool to predict the occurrence and severity of SVNV in four states, providing growers with an important risk management resource and ongoing monitoring of aphids and leafhoppers. A significant amount of impactful research and extension programming has occurred over the last 20 years, in part as a result of NCSRP funding. Program VI aims to understand the impact of entomology-related research and extension funding and generate a needs assessment for future work. Understanding the impact of previous projects is important for developing new project goals to chart a path forward. Most important to this proposal is the extension of deliverables (Program VII) that communicate the results of each program through direct contacts and products to provide state-of-the-art pest management advice to farmers. Several high-value products are being targeted in this program, with the first regional field flipbook on soybean gall midge biology, ecology, and management, a fact sheet on soybean leafminer, and several other products if funded. Currently funded 3D printing grants through USDA, and the expansion of 3D printing to other states provide significant potential for farmers to have hands-on products to enhance their educational experience at field days and other events. Each of the proposed programs will contribute to best management practices for pest management in soybean, and have a positive impact on a farmer’s bottom line.

Project Objectives

Program I. Soybean Gall Midge
1.1 Soybean Gall Midge Alert Network
1.2 Host Plant Resistance
1.3 Foliar Insecticide Application Method Study
Program II. Soybean Tentiform Leafminer
2.1 Multistate Assessment of the Pest Status of Soybean Tentiform Leafminer
Program III. Soybean Aphid
3.1 Aphid Resistance: Plants and Insecticides
Program IV: Dectes Stem Borer
4.1 Multistate foliar efficacy and yield loss assessment
Program V: Suction Trap Network
5.1 Soybean Vein Necrosis Virus (SVNV) Detection and Monitoring of Soybean thrips, and other Insect Pest Species of Soybean using the Suction Trap Network
Program VI: Awareness, Impact, and Needs Assessment
6.1 Awareness and impact of previously-funded entomology-related research and extension projects; and generate a needs assessment for future work.
Program VII: Extension and Outreach
7.1 Extension Deliverables

Project Deliverables

1. Soybean Gall Midge Management
Early Warning System: Timely alerts on soybean gall midge emergence to help farmers time pest control applications.
Improved Pest Detection: Identification of pheromones to enhance monitoring and early detection.
Resistant Varieties: Development and testing of soybean lines with natural resistance to gall midge, leading to better yield protection.
Optimized Insecticide Use: Research-based recommendations on the most effective insecticide application methods for managing infestations.

2. Soybean Tentiform Leafminer
Regional Risk Assessment: Multi-state monitoring to track pest distribution and severity.
Sampling Guidelines: Standardized protocols to help farmers and agronomists identify and assess leafminer infestations.

3. Soybean Aphid Resistance & Management
New Resistant Varieties: Evaluation of soybean lines with Rag genes to determine their effectiveness against aphids.
Optimized Insecticide Strategies: Data-driven recommendations for combining resistant soybean with insecticide treatments.
Insecticide Resistance Monitoring: Updates on aphid resistance trends to help farmers adjust their control strategies.

4. Awareness & Needs Assessment
Farmer Feedback Opportunities: Focus groups and surveys to ensure research addresses real-world pest management challenges.
Assessment of Past Projects: Review of previous research impacts to guide future funding toward the most effective solutions.

5. Dectes Stem Borer Management
Yield Impact Analysis: Clear data on how infestation affects harvestable yield, helping farmers decide on intervention strategies.
Insecticide Testing: Research on foliar insecticide efficacy to determine best control options.
Long-Term Management Strategies: Three-year study results to provide science-backed recommendations for controlling stem borer damage.

6. Suction Trap Network for Pest Monitoring
Soybean Disease & Pest Tracking: Ongoing monitoring of soybean thrips and Soybean Vein Necrosis Virus (SVNV) to detect outbreaks early.
Predictive Models for SVNV: Data-driven risk assessment tools to help farmers manage disease threats proactively.

7. Extension & Farmer Education
Field Guides & Fact Sheets: Practical resources, including a flipbook on soybean gall midge and a fact sheet on soybean leafminer.
Hands-On Learning Tools: 3D-printed models to help farmers understand pest biology and control methods.
Workshops & Presentations: Regular educational events to keep farmers informed on the latest pest management strategies.
These deliverables will provide soybean farmers with the latest research-based insights and practical tools to protect their crops and improve profitability.

Progress Of Work

Updated April 14, 2025:
1. Soybean Gall Midge (SGM) Management

A. Early Warning System & Pest Detection
• Sites for the 2025 season have been selected.
• Protocols finalized for stem burial studies, leveraging NE data and regional input.
• Alert Network expanded to a total of 630 subscribers across 8 Midwestern states and 2 Canadian provinces. Some participants are resubscribing each year, highlighting the system's continued value to their operation.
• Pheromone selection protocols established; early data supports improved adult detection potential.

B. Resistant Varieties
• NE, IA, and SD are coordinating a detailed data collection on 20 elite lines; NE will test 25 more lines in less detail. Crossing will begin this year on resistant lines to start the process of identifying resistant genes.
• An additional MN-funded project with Dr. Koch allows testing soybean lines under controlled conditions
• NE will conduct an additional semi-field study for further insights.

C. Optimized Insecticide Use
• Unified protocol set by NE, IA, and SD, with coordination ahead of full-scale data collection.
• Preliminary 2024 data shows promise.
• NE will test a drop nozzle treatment and implement hilling as a positive control.

2. Soybean Tentiform Leafminer
• Field survey protocol developed with collaborator feedback.
• Dr. Koch will lead a scouting and ID session in August prior to survey implementation.
• NE had its first detection of tentiform leafminer in Sept. of 2024 in Madison County.

3. Soybean Aphid Resistance & Management
• Experimental design and procedures complete.
• Seed procurement coordinated with Corteva for upcoming planting.

4. Awareness & Needs Assessment (Year 2 Only Project - Fall 2025 Launch)
• Planning meetings underway to designate an evaluation expert.
• An initial framework was developed for impact and needs assessment strategy, including focus group settings.

5. Dectes Stem Borer Management
• Team meetings were held to finalize experimental logistics.
• Seeds and chemicals have been secured.
• Some evaluation strategies are focusing on innovative, scalable tool for girdling risk assessment of the Dectes stem borer.

6. Suction Trap Network for Pest Monitoring
• Supplies were distributed to participants.
• Data from prior years is under analysis; the manuscript focused on thrips is in progress.
• Initial modeling efforts on aphid data have begun.

7. Extension and Outreach
• The development of a Soybean Gall Midge Field Guide is underway with assigned contributors and a structured outline.
• We plan to distribute the field guide through SRIIN and hard copy throughout the region with a focus on areas that are currently under threat.
• The annual SGM webinar (Feb 2025) drew 284 registrants, 178 live attendees, and over 40 written questions, highlighting ongoing stakeholder engagement and research interest.

View uploaded report Word file

Final Project Results

Benefit To Soybean Farmers

This project is designed to help farmers protect their soybean crops from emerging insect pests, ensuring higher yields and greater profitability. By funding targeted research, farmers will gain access to better pest management strategies, improved risk assessments, and practical recommendations based on real-world data.

Soybean gall midge has the potential to cause 31% yield losses on a whole field basis in affected areas. Our research will provide farmers with better detection tools, optimized insecticide application methods, and insights into resistant soybean varieties. Similarly, efforts to track and manage soybean tentiform leafminer will help farmers stay ahead of potential threats and reduce crop damage. With soybean aphids continuing to develop resistance to insecticides, our study will test new Rag soybean varieties to determine their effectiveness and provide farmers with recommendations for maximizing protection. Dectes stem borer is also expanding its range, and our research will clarify its economic impact while testing effective management strategies to prevent lodging and yield loss. Farmers will also benefit from an expanded pest-monitoring network that tracks threats like soybean thrips, which spread Soybean Vein Necrosis Virus (SVNV), affecting seed quality. By developing predictive tools, we aim to give farmers early warnings and proactive management options.

Additionally, this proposal will evaluate past research investments to ensure future funding is directed toward the most effective solutions. A key part of this effort is an extension program that will provide farmers with the latest pest control insights through flipbooks, fact sheets, and hands-on 3D-printed educational tools. Ultimately, these programs are designed to improve pest management, increase soybean productivity, and boost farm profitability.

The United Soybean Research Retention policy will display final reports with the project once completed but working files will be purged after three years. And financial information after seven years. All pertinent information is in the final report or if you want more information, please contact the project lead at your state soybean organization or principal investigator listed on the project.