Our previous research demonstrated there is an opportunity to enhance soybean productivity and seed composition with management practices that increase late-season N availability. We successfully conducted multi-state trials in 2022-2024 to quantify the minimum N fertilizer inputs that are efficient in increasing soybean productivity and seed protein concentration. We employed aerial imaging technology to monitor differences in the plant growth and N status. We also analyzed and collated soybean yield and seed composition data from eight long-term trials across the US evaluating different rotation, tillage, and fertilizer practices. Our field trials in 2024 were completed successfully and we are currently processing harvest seed samples. We will follow up complete analysis of data from 2022-2024 to draw conclusions from the practices evaluated. We will also utilize data collected to improve model simulations of soybean yield and seed composition. Outcomes from this research will deliver management recommendations and novel decision tools that contribute to a sustainable increase of soybean seed yield and quality.

This study will benefit farmers by generating new knowledge, providing informed management recommendations, and developing novel management tools. We will deliver management recommendations and novel technology that integrate information from aerial imaging (e.g. drones) and process-based crop physiological models, with the aim of increasing seed yield and quality, while also ensuring the sustainability of U.S. soybean production. This technology offers a tremendous opportunity to accurately assess nutrient limitations in different fields, as well as provide early estimates of soybean yield and seed protein concentration in real time. Thanks to the crop modeling component in this approach, we will also quantify environmental impact through water, carbon, and nitrogen use and losses.