2023
Empirical validation of implementing high energy in soybean meal fed to growing pigs
Contributor/Checkoff:
Category:
Feed
Keywords:
Animal nutritionEnergyMacronutritional bundleSoy mealSwine
Parent Project:
This is the first year of this project.
Lead Principal Investigator:
Hans Stein, University of Illinois-Carbondale
Co-Principal Investigators:
Project Code:
23-107-D-F-1-I
Contributing Organization (Checkoff):
Institution Funded:
Brief Project Summary:
Soybean meal (SBM) is the major source of amino acids and energy in diets for swine throughout the world. Soybean oil or other fat sources are also commonly used in diets for pigs – but with the recent increases in costs of oil due to increased demand from the biofuels industry, there is a need to make sure pig diets contain sufficient energy without the use of external fat sources. However, recent data have demonstrated that SBM contains more metabolizable energy (ME) and more net energy (NE) compared with values in feed ingredient tables. As a consequence, SBM may substitute some of the fat that has traditionally been used in diets for pigs, but there are no data to directly compare the energy value of SBM and added fat. The objective of this research is, therefore, to generate a fat equivalency value for SBM and it is hypothesized that the fat equivalency value of current sources of SBM is greater than what has been previously thought. If the hypothesis is confirmed, results will be used to empirically validate the implementation of a higher energy value in SBM fed to growing pigs. An increased valuation of U.S. SBM will thus result in increased value of all SBM sold to swine di
Information And Results
Project Summary

Project Objectives

Project Deliverables

Progress Of Work

Final Project Results

Soybean meal (SBM) is the primary source of protein and energy used in formulation of diets for swine in the United States, and the net energy (NE) of SBM has been reported as 2,087 kcal/kg. However, results of recent research indicated that the concentration of NE in SBM is greater than previously thought. Therefore, the objective of this research was to test the hypothesis that the energy value for SBM fed to pigs is greater than current book values. Four diets based on corn, soy protein concentrate, and synthetic cellulose containing 0, 2, 4, or 6% soybean oil (SBO) were formulated. An additional diet contained corn, soy protein concentrate, and 12% SBM, but no synthetic cellulose or SBO. A total of 120 pigs with an initial weight of 24.7 ± 3.06 kg were allotted to the 5 diets, with 2 pigs per pen. Pigs were fed the diets for four weeks. Average daily gain, average daily feed intake, and gain-to-feed ratio (G:F) were calculated for each diet. Linear and quadratic effects of increasing SBO in diets were determined. Regression of G:F for pigs fed the diet containing no SBM against the increasing levels of SBO was performed, and an equation was generated. Results demonstrated that the overall G:F of pigs was increased (linear, P < 0.05) by increasing SBO in diets containing no SBM. From the prediction equation, it was calculated that the G:F of pigs fed the diet containing 12% SBM corresponded to the inclusion of 4.70% SBO in the diet. Assuming there is 7,545 kcal NE in SBO, this corresponds to an NE value of 2,939 kcal/kg for SBM. The hypothesis that there is more NE in SBM than indicated in current book values, therefore, was confirmed. In conclusion, the improvement in G:F obtained by adding SBM to the diets was not different from the improvement in G:F obtained by adding 4.70% SBO to the diets, which indicates that SBM provides more NE to pigs than previously thought.

Benefit To Soybean Farmers

Results of this experiment confirmed that SBM produced from U.S. soybeans and fed to growing pigs provide much more net energy than previously thought. As a consequence, results of this research will contribute to diet formulators using a greater energy value in their formulation system, which will allow them to pay more for soybean meal and also will result in increased usage of soybean meal. For U.S. soybean farmers this means that they will experience increased demand for their product, which ultimately will result in increased profit to the producers.

The United Soybean Research Retention policy will display final reports with the project once completed but working files will be purged after three years. And financial information after seven years. All pertinent information is in the final report or if you want more information, please contact the project lead at your state soybean organization or principal investigator listed on the project.