The goal of this project is moving weed management in US soybean production towards greater sustainability by encouraging mechanical and cultural practices that can either reduce reliance on herbicides, or supplement herbicides to reduce the risk of resistance evolution. In 2023 this project has developed and coordinated 67 individual experiments or research activities to collect data to address our research objectives. Our project enlisted a network of university scientists throughout numerous soybean production states to build our knowledge and data base. Overall, our research has demonstrated novel, non-chemical practices that can alleviate some of the selection pressure exerted on weeds for evolving resistance to herbicides. However, the final level of weed control achieved with these practices may not be greater than traditional herbicide use, but that assumes we still have herbicides that don't have a major weed resistance problem. Some older herbicides such as metribuzin (Tricor, Sencor) applied in the higher use range can provide soil residual control of waterhemp and Palmer amaranth to a similar or greater level than current commercial standards in soybean. Thus, greater integration of these higher rates of metribuzin in commercial weed management plans are fully justified. If soybean farmers don't continually attempt to improve current weed management strategies, our research shows that resistance to 2,4-D, dicamba, and glufosinate (Liberty) is inevitable in the pigweed species. Our research findings have been disseminated in various formats to a wide audience, with a focus on soybean farmers as the primary target.