This project will directly support agronomic improvements that support Ohio soybean farmers’ commitment to conservation. Soybean plants require a large amount of nitrogen to maximize yield. The majority of this nitrogen is supplied through BNF and residual soil nitrogen. (There is very little benefit to applying nitrogen fertilizer to soybean.) However, as soybean yields continue to increase, it will be important to quantify nitrogen uptake from the process of BNF and soil residual nitrogen, especially on low organic matter and course-textured soils. The objectives of this research are to: 1) estimate BNF and N budgets in soybean using N and S fertilization rates, and 2) build a predictive model for BNF in the US using environmental data.