2023
Evaluation of Burndown Treatments for Herbicide Resistant Weeds in Full and Double Crop Soybeans
Contributor/Checkoff:
Category:
Sustainable Production
Keywords:
AgricultureCrop protectionHerbicide
Parent Project:
This is the first year of this project.
Lead Principal Investigator:
Benjamin Beale, University of Maryland
Co-Principal Investigators:
Project Code:
72488
Contributing Organization (Checkoff):
Institution Funded:
Brief Project Summary:
This research evaluates efficacy of several herbicide treatments for control of herbicide resistant weeds prior to soybean emergence. Burndown treatment options have expanded in recent years with the addition of herbicide-tolerant trait platforms. Past research showed controlling herbicide-resistant weeds prior to soybean emergence is critical for maintaining yield potential. This work evaluates the efficacy of various treatments and combinations on grass and problem broadleaf weeds. Trials include evaluation of different crop adjuvants in combination with burndown herbicides for herbicide efficacy.
Key Beneficiaries:
#agronomists, #Extension agents, #farmers
Unique Keywords:
#burdown, #herbicide resistance, #herbicides, #resistant weeds, #weed control, #weeds
Information And Results
Project Summary

This study will evaluate efficacy of several herbicide treatments for control of herbicide resistant weeds prior to
soybean emergence. Burndown treatment options have expanded in recent years with the addition of the herbicide
tolerant platforms Enlist E3, Xtendflex, and Libertylink. Past research has demonstrated the effective termination of
herbicide resistant weeds such as Palmer amaranth, common ragweed, common waterhemp and marestail prior to
soybean emergence is critical for maintaining yield potential throughout the season. Treatments under consideration
include Gramaxone (paraquat), Enlist (2-4,D choline), Liberty (glufosinate), Extendimax (dicamba), Sharpen
(saflufenacil) and Roundup (glyphosate) applied either alone or in combination. The efficacy of these treatments, alone
or in combination, on grass as well as problem broadleaf weeds will be evaluated. Initial work during the 2022 season
in a double crop system evaluated 8 treatments with the paraquat and combination paraquat treatments providing the
best burndown control.

Project Objectives

• Efficacy of several herbicide treatments for control of herbicide resistant weeds prior to soybean emergence
• Evaluation of Gramaxone (paraquat), Enlist (2-4,D choline), Liberty (glufosinate), Extendimax (dicamba), Sharpen
(saflufenacil) and Roundup (glyphosate) applied either alone or in combination for control of grass and broadleaf
weeds
• Evaluation of different crop adjuvants in combination with burndown herbicides for herbicide efficacy

Project Deliverables

The study proposed in 2023 seeks to expand upon the initial 2022 finding. Treatments under
consideration will be expanded to include the following:
1. Glyphosate (Roundup Power Max) 32 fl oz/ac + Amm. Sulfate 48 oz/ac
2. Glyphosate (Roundup Power Max) 32 fl oz/ac + Paraquat (Gramoxone SL 2.0) 48 fl oz/ac Amm. Sulfate 48 oz/ac
3. Paraquat (Gramoxone SL 2.0) 48 fl oz/ac + Non Ionic Surfactant 6.4 fl oz/ac
4. Paraquat (Gramoxone SL 2.0) 48 fl oz/ac + Crop Oil 32 fl oz/ac
5. Glufosinate (Liberty 280 SL) 43 fl oz/ac + Amm. Sulfate 48 oz/ac + Crop Oil 32 fl oz/ac
6. Glufosinate (Liberty 280 SL) 43 fl oz/ac + Amm. Sulfate 48 oz/ac + Non Ionic Surfactant 6.4 fl oz/ac
7. 2,4-D choline (Enlist One) 32 fl oz/ac + Non Ionic Surfactant 6.4 fl oz/ac
8. Glufosinate (Liberty 280 SL) 43 fl oz/ac + Glyphosate (Roundup Power Max) 32 fl oz/ac + Amm. Sulfate 48 oz/ac + Non Ionic Surfactant 6.4 fl oz/ac
9. Glufosinate (Liberty 280 SL) 43 fl oz/ac + 2,4-D choline (Enlist One) 32 fl oz/ac + Amm. Sulfate 48 oz/ac + Non Ionic Surfactant 6.4 fl oz/ac
10. Glyphosate (Roundup Power Max) 32 fl oz/ac + 2,4-D choline (Enlist One) 32 fl oz/ac + Amm. Sulfate 48 oz/ac + Non Ionic Surfactant 6.4 fl oz/ac
11. Paraquat (Gramoxone SL 2.0) 48 fl oz/ac + Glufosinate (Liberty 280 SL) 43 fl oz/ac + Amm. Sulfate 48 oz/ac + Non Ionic Surfactant 6.4 fl oz/ac

Education and Outreach: Education regarding weed identification and management strategies continues to be important to enable early intervention; thus we will continue to carry out field days and include weed resistance topics in winter production meetings. With many problematic weeds now found throughout the state it is essential that farmers learn the key management strategies to control these weeds. The investigators have worked collaboratively with other states to offer educational programming on this important topic. We propose to continue our educational outreach efforts through another series of all-day workshops and field day events focused on proactive and integrated management strategies to avoid future cases of herbicide resistance and provide recommendations for current cases of resistance. The workshops would continue to build upon our collaborative approach.

Progress Of Work

Update:
Herbicide trials evaluating the efficacy of various combinations of burndown herbicide treatments are in process at three farm locations during the 2023 growing season. This is the second year of the research study. The sites include a standard field with ragweed, horse nettle and small grass, a grass field with heavy grass pressure and a Palmer amaranth field with heavy Palmer amaranth pressure.

Treatments applied at each site include the following:
1. Glyphosate (Roundup Power Max) 32 fl oz/ac + Amm. Sulfate 48 oz/ac
2. Glyphosate (Roundup Power Max) 32 fl oz/ac + Paraquat (Gramoxone SL 2.0) 48 fl oz/ac Amm. Sulfate 48 oz/ac
3. Paraquat (Gramoxone SL 2.0) 48 fl oz/ac + Non Ionic Surfactant 6.4 fl oz/ac
4. Paraquat (Gramoxone SL 2.0) 48 fl oz/ac + Crop Oil 32 fl oz/ac
5. Glufosinate (Liberty 280 SL) 43 fl oz/ac + Amm. Sulfate 48 oz/ac + Crop Oil 32 fl oz/ac
6. Glufosinate (Liberty 280 SL) 43 fl oz/ac + Amm. Sulfate 48 oz/ac + Non Ionic Surfactant 6.4 fl oz/ac
7. 2,4-D choline (Enlist One) 32 fl oz/ac + Non Ionic Surfactant 6.4 fl oz/ac
8. Glufosinate (Liberty 280 SL) 43 fl oz/ac + Glyphosate (Roundup Power Max) 32 fl oz/ac + Amm. Sulfate 48 oz/ac + Non Ionic Surfactant 6.4 fl oz/ac
9. Glufosinate (Liberty 280 SL) 43 fl oz/ac + 2,4-D choline (Enlist One) 32 fl oz/ac + Amm. Sulfate 48 oz/ac + Non Ionic Surfactant 6.4 fl oz/ac
10. Glyphosate (Roundup Power Max) 32 fl oz/ac + 2,4-D choline (Enlist One) 32 fl oz/ac + Amm. Sulfate 48 oz/ac + Non Ionic Surfactant 6.4 fl oz/ac
11. Paraquat (Gramoxone SL 2.0) 48 fl oz/ac + Glufosinate (Liberty 280 SL) 43 fl oz/ac + Amm. Sulfate 48 oz/ac + Non Ionic Surfactant 6.4 fl oz/ac

Each site is each being evaluated for percent control of grasses, palmer amaranth and other broadleaf weeds. Response to herbicides has been very good with noted differences between treatments.
The study is ongoing. Data will be analyzed this fall. Outreach meetings are being planned for this fall and winter.

View uploaded report Word file

Final Project Results

Benefit To Soybean Farmers

Palmer amaranth, common ragweed, common waterhemp and marestail continue to pose significant challenges to soybean producers in Maryland. Studies during in recent years have identified best practices for management of herbicide resistant weeds including examination of novel herbicide tolerance traits, most effective herbicide combinations, application timing and residual products. Past research has demonstrated the effective termination of herbicide resistant weeds such as Palmer amaranth, common ragweed, common waterhemp and marestail prior to soybean emergence is critical for maintaining yield potential throughout the season. This study will evaluate efficacy of several herbicide treatments for control of herbicide resistant weeds prior to soybean emergence. Burndown treatment options have expanded in recent years with the addition of the herbicide tolerant platforms Enlist E3, Xtendflex, and Libertylink.

There are a number of factors for wanting to perform this work. First, the availability and price of glyphosate and glufosinate has risen substantially. Farmers are interested in replacing glyphosate in the burndown program with the other products under review. In addition, a common question asked by farmers dealing with herbicide resistant Palmer amaranth is: What are the most effective burndown options in situations where Palmer amaranth is larger then the ideal 3-4 inch control range?” We often encounter this scenario in fields left fallow for a year, fields with delayed planting due to saturated soils, and double crop fields following wheat. Finally, farmers are reporting issues with 2,4-D controlling Palmer amaranth that is past the 6-8 inch height window. In trials in 2022, 2,4-D performed poorly in late double crop planting window for burndown of Palmer amaranth.

The United Soybean Research Retention policy will display final reports with the project once completed but working files will be purged after three years. And financial information after seven years. All pertinent information is in the final report or if you want more information, please contact the project lead at your state soybean organization or principal investigator listed on the project.