2022
Developing an interactive web tool combining integrated pest management recommendations and production costs for pesticide selection
Contributor/Checkoff:
Category:
Sustainable Production
Keywords:
Data ManagementDrone/UAS
Lead Principal Investigator:
Alan Leslie, University of Maryland
Co-Principal Investigators:
Project Code:
66953
Contributing Organization (Checkoff):
Institution Funded:
Brief Project Summary:
The objective of this project is to create an interactive, web-based application that allows farmers to easily manipulate as many input costs as possible to create budgets that specifically tailored to their operation. This application expands on existing crop budgets to include costs associated with herbicide programs available with new soybean varieties now on the market. An interactive, online application allows easy comparisons of different potential crop production strategies. This tool also combines efficacy reports and recommendations from multiple sources to provide a single tool to allow farmers to easily compare multiple pesticide options to help guide decisions to result in pesticide applications that are not only profitable, but also efficacious for their target pests.
Key Beneficiaries:
#agronomists, #Extension agents, #farmers
Unique Keywords:
#decision tool, #economics, #herbicides, #pesticides, #technology
Information And Results
Project Summary

Choosing pesticides is a very important decision for any soybean farmer in terms of overall production costs and effectively managing pests. The online soybean budget tool developed through MD Soybean Board funding over the past two years has improved the flexibility of choosing and budgeting different pesticides. The opportunity exists to also incorporate production recommendations that come from research on efficacy of alternative pesticides on different pest species to further aid farmers in making decisions about pest control programs. The ability to build and compare different pest management programs can be useful to farmers for three main reasons: 1) prices and availability of pesticides are leading farmers to choose alternative options that are not their typical spray programs; 2) new herbicide tolerant traits in
genetically modified soybean varieties offer new options for postemergence control of key weed species; and 3) new invasive species and the evolution of pesticide resistance in different pest populations require new chemistries for effective control. Pesticide efficacy data currently exist in reports from trials funded by the MD Soybean Board, regional production guides, and extension websites, among other sources. This tool would combine efficacy reports and recommendations from multiple sources to provide a single tool to allow farmers to easily compare multiple pesticide options to help guide decisions to result in pesticide applications that are not only profitable, but also efficacious for their target pests. This tool will directly expand the capabilities of the new online soybean crop budget by incorporating production recommendations along with the direct economic analysis.

Project Objectives

An interactive, online application has the potential to allow farmers to easily compare the economics of different pest management strategies informed by current production recommendations, and can help guide important decisions that need to be made ahead of the next planting season. Therefore, our overall aim is to develop a tool incorporating as much data from as many sources as possible, packaged in a user-friendly and intuitive format for farmers. Our specific objective are to: 1) develop an online tool for making pesticide decisions based on target pest, efficacy, and cost; 2) use the compiled production recommendation data to produce reports incorporating additional pest management strategies; 3) introduce the tool to farmers and extension professionals and collect feedback on the platform; and 4) incorporate the pesticide selection tool (in part or in all) into the existing online soybean crop budget tool.

Project Deliverables

Objective 1 - Develop an online tool for selecting pesticides. Two separate online tools will be created; one to choose soybean herbicides, and another to choose soybean insecticides. Our objective will be to provide guidance for choosing among all of the pesticides in the existing online soybean budget tool by also considering specific pests and efficacy data. Users will specify which species (weeds or insects) they are trying to control, along with any issues with resistance, and the herbicide tolerance traits present in the variety of soybean being planted. The pesticide selection tool will then winnow the available options to those that will be effective against the selected pests. Special consideration will be made to keep the format as simple as possible, to ensure that users with all levels of computer skills will be able to use the tool and interpret the outputs. For the initial development of the online tool, we will draw upon the same data sources as the existing online soybean budget tool for average pesticide prices, and allow users to adjust that value to more closely approximate their actual costs. The online tool will be posted alongside the online soybean budget tool on the UME Grain Marketing webpage (https://extension.umd.edu/grainmarketing), and links to the site will be posted on individual county websites.

Objective 2 - Produce reports of additional pest management strategies. Once a tool has been developed to optimize cost and efficacy of different pesticide programs, we will provide users reports of their selected pesticide program that include additional management strategies beyond pesticides. Our primary goal is to provide users with additional information that will ensure successful pest management, given the pesticide program that has been selected. This information will include optimal timing of pesticide applications, any adjuvants that should be included in the tank to improve efficacy, methods for scouting and thresholds to monitor, special regulations specific to different pesticide chemistries, and additional cultural or biological controls that might work in tandem with chemical controls. Recommendations for successful pesticide applications will be sourced from research sponsored by the MD Soybean Board and other state Soybean Boards within the Mid-Atlantic region.

These reports will be produced in a PDF format that users can download and save from the online pesticide selection tool. They will be auto-generated based on the information inputted into the website, and will essentially provide a personalized integrated pest management approach to managing insect and weed pests in soybeans. This information can then be inputted directly into the online soybean budget tool to complete the enterprise budget for that crop.

Objective 3 - Introduce the tool to farmers and extension professionals. Working versions of the pesticide selection tool will be introduced to farmers through email list serves, extension newsletters, and in-person at winter production meetings. Email and print newsletters will contain descriptions of the function of the new tool, and will invite farmers to use the app on their own. Print materials with information about how to find and use the new tool will be developed to circulate at in-person events. The goal is to provide a simple tool that would require little or no training in order to use. At in-person and virtual winter production meetings, we will provide a demonstration of where to find the tool and how to use it. On the website, we will include a link to a brief survey where users can provide feedback on the utility of the tool, state whether they would use it in the future, and provide feedback on ways to improve it.

Objective 4 - Combine functionality of the pesticide selection tool with the online budget tool. Once the online pesticide selection tool is fully functional, portions of the codes can be included into the script that controls the online soybean crop budget tool, to further improve the functionality of the budget tool. We will identify specific features that would best transfer to the budget tool to enhance its utility and minimize redundancy between programs. Information from the reporting side of the pesticide selection tools will also be included in the crop budget tool, to include more integrated pest management recommendations made to users. By linking the online budget tool to information from research trials, this tool can provide farmers educational content beyond the economic analyses they are performing.

Progress Of Work
Final Project Results
Benefit To Soybean Farmers

The shiny package, in the statistical software program R, is a software package that allows users to easily generate interactive web apps to compute and display data. The shiny package contains functions that could be used to effectively combine pest management recommendations into an interactive and flexible online tool that could provide farmers with a wider view of the potential options they have for pesticide programs, and can provide easy-to read graphics to help interpret the outputs. R is a free, open source statistical program that provides the capability of making complex computations and managing all data related to pesticide efficacy and costs . Shiny is a free, open source software package within R that provides a way to easily transfer the computational functions of R to a point-andclick format that would be simple for farmers to use. The R software also includes many other packages that provide other functionality, such as database management, data transformation, and graphical tools. These tools can be used to collect, organize, and analyze real-time crop data to increase the amount of information that can be included in crop budget calculations, and the shiny package can make these functions available to farmers in a simple to use format. We anticipate that this tool will be welcomed by the farming community, and hope that adoption will be widespread. In a recent survey of farmers (31 responses) attending a local grain marketing workshop in Southern Maryland, input costs (19.4%) were reported as one of the top production constraints, behind wildlife damage (29%) and weather (25.8%). This tool will not directly lower input costs, while informing effective pest management decisions. In addition to the functionality provided through the R program, the resulting tool would also be completely transferrable and further customizable by other users. The programming code used to develop the interactive shiny app would be made publicly available to be shared and hosted through other websites, and the raw codes could further be edited and improved by other users. Because all of the software used to build the program are open source and free to download, the resulting tool could have wide-ranging benefits.

The United Soybean Research Retention policy will display final reports with the project once completed but working files will be purged after three years. And financial information after seven years. All pertinent information is in the final report or if you want more information, please contact the project lead at your state soybean organization or principal investigator listed on the project.