2016
Soil Salinity Gradients Damage to Soybeans and Pest Infestation (Yr 3)
Contributor/Checkoff:
Category:
Sustainable Production
Keywords:
Biotic stressCrop protectionField management Pest
Parent Project:
This is the first year of this project.
Lead Principal Investigator:
Jason P Harmon, North Dakota State University
Co-Principal Investigators:
Thomas DeSutter, North Dakota State University
Deirdre Prischmann-Voldseth, North Dakota State University
Abbey Wick, North Dakota State University
+2 More
Project Code:
Contributing Organization (Checkoff):
Institution Funded:
Brief Project Summary:

Soil salinity is a growing problem to North Dakota soybean farmers. Salinity can directly harm soybean plants resulting in smaller, stressed plants that have lower yields. To make it worse, salt stressed plants can be threatened by additional problems from spider mites and other pests that do better on unhealthy plants. Our overall goal is to create, evaluate, and provide timely information to producers on how soybean responds to saline soil conditions. To do so, we will continue to evaluate and refine interactions among salinity, soybean and arthropod pests (spider mites) in both the field and greenhouse.
We will also directly provide useful information to producers using...

Unique Keywords:
#insects and pests
Information And Results
Project Deliverables

Information becomes available to growers in multiple ways, through specialists, county agents, consultants and other growers. Opportunities to share information through each of these groups will be used as an outlet to get information to producers. As a group, we had high success presenting study results from the first two years of this project at county level field days, consultant workshops, commodity conferences, national conferences and other NDSU sponsored Extension events. We also presented results at the SHARE Farm Annual Field Day in Richland County as well as other salinity-based field days. Attendance to workshops and field days with our information reached well over 1,400 producers, consultants and educators in the course of a year and a half. Upon completion of the project, we will generate Extension circulars and research publications. We will also provide information and updates during the project

Final Project Results

Updated December 2, 2016:
Final Progress Report is downloaded in the File (optional) below

View uploaded report Word file

From the Ground Up: How Salinity Gradients Damage Soybeans, Contribute to Arthropod Pest Infestations, and Impact Soil Nitrogen Reserves

Principal Investigators:
Abbey Wick, Dept. of Soil Science; Tom DeSutter, Dept. of Soil Science; Jason Harmon, Dept. of Entomology; Deirdre Prischmann-Voldseth, Dept. of Entomology, NDSU

Technical Support:
Kirsten Butcher, Graduate Student, Dept. of Soil Science
Jackie Eichele, Graduate Student, Dept. of Entomology
Chandra Langseth, Extension Research Technician, Dept. of Soil Science

FY Year End Report: June 30, 2016; Executive Summary

Approximately 1.2 million acres in the Red River Valley are classified as slightly saline. Soybeans are very salt sensitive, so even low levels of salts can significantly hurt yields. For soybeans, this results in crop losses of $57 million annually. Much of the existing information on soybean response to salinity does not apply directly to North Dakota soils or the types of soluble salts we have here. From 2013-2016, a series of greenhouse and field studies were conducted at NDSU to look at soybean response and resulting pest pressures to low levels of salinity in conditions specific to North Dakota.
Soybean grown in sandy loams soils were found to be considerably more sensitive to soluble salts than previous studies suggest. We found soybean yields began to decline at a soluble salt level of 1.1 mmhos/cm, instead of 1.9 mmhos/cm originally identified in other studies not conducted in North Dakota. Fifty percent yield reductions occurred at soluble salt contents of 2.2 mmhos/cm (Figure 1). No yield reductions at low levels of salt (< 3 mmhos/cm) were observed for a silty clay loam soil texture.

Increased pest numbers on plants grown in higher salinity soils has been consistently observed in our greenhouse studies and was also found in our field study. In general, pests can do better on plants grown in more saline soil (Figure 2). However, there is some variation in this results from field to field which suggests there may be other factors involved in determining how salinity affects the pests. In the greenhouse we have also been performing detailed studies to better understand how pests, like the soybean aphid, benefit from being on plants in saline soil. In addition to having more babies and producing large populations, we have found that aphids on plants grown in saline soil live longer and make babies for longer. Plus, they will preferentially move toward plants grown in saline soil, which means that may be able to find and take advantage of high salinity areas within fields.

These results are extremely important for soybean growers in North Dakota experiencing yield reductions as a result of salinity. We are finding that it is not just the yield loss that growers need to consider when selecting a crop for saline areas, they need to also consider the pest pressures. Managing saline areas differently (for example, tillage management, crop selection, fertilizing, pest scouting and spraying) from the remainder of the field not affected by salts becomes important for the grower’s bottom line.

The United Soybean Research Retention policy will display final reports with the project once completed but working files will be purged after three years. And financial information after seven years. All pertinent information is in the final report or if you want more information, please contact the project lead at your state soybean organization or principal investigator listed on the project.