Update:
The project's objectives and KPIs were only partially addressed after several delays and a lengthy no-cost extension. The following were key results relative to the original objectives:
• Early results showed that silencing of the gene GmFAD3 increased seed size by 15% but subsequent tests did not. Silencing or over-expression of GmRIN did not affect seed size.
• Over-expression of GmFAD3 did not alter seed size or quality.
• Further determination the impact of silenced GmFAD3 plants indicated a slightly greater tolerance to stress induced by salt content, heat, or water deficit under greenhouse conditions. These are just one set of results performed only under lab conditions.
• Tests on CKOx (cytokinins) either silenced or over-expressed in plants did not alter seed size or quality.
• Silencing of DELLA genes did not affect seed size or quality.
• Other genes silenced were GmPAL and GmICS that did not alter seed size but showed an increase in phenyalanine which suggest that the slight increase in the amino acids tryptophan and tyrosine may have been due to an increase in phenylalanine.
Determination of seed size is a complex trait as proven here. No consistent positive results were shown after 5 years of lab experiments. It appears that no one plant gene, affecting either fatty acid or plant hormone or disease resistance as tested here, affects seed size.