Inoculant products vary in nodulation performance, but product combinations may result in improved performance on ground not previously planted to soybeans. Inoculating seed planted into ground that has been planted to soybeans in the last few years in unnecessary in that it did not improve nodulation or yield. Seed treatment formulations did not significantly affect soybean nodulation or yield. These results imply that fungicide, insecticide, or nematicide seed treatments are not associated with problems that have been observed on new soybean ground with no naturalized Bradyhizobium japonicum population.