The project will provide USB with scientific data showing how tillage, crop rotation and residue management contributes to the soil biodiversity of the soil. Since soil microbial diversity will be characterized at microbial community level using state-of-the-art molecular techniques, soil biodiversity can be described a finer taxonomic level (species” level) which gives a comprehensive and clearer picture of the soil biodiversity. Since soil biodiversity is a strong indicator for a healthy soil, a strong baseline for sustainability measure can be established which will be strengthened by correlating it with yield and other soil parameters.